VAST: a practical validation framework for e-assessment solutions

Abstract The influx of technology in education has made it increasingly difficult to assess the validity educational assessments. field information systems often ignores social dimension during validation, whereas research neglects technical dimensions designed instruments. inseparability and elements forms bedrock socio-technical systems. Therefore, current lack validation approaches that address both is a significant gap. We this gap by introducing VAST: framework for e-assessment solutions. Examples such solutions are technology-enhanced learning e-health applications. Using multi-grounded action as our methodology, we investigate how can synthesise existing knowledge from measurement construct framework. develop an extensive user guideline complementing find through expert interviews VAST facilitates comprehensive, practical approach validating